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Thursday, 28 February 2013

Thursday, February 28, 2013 Posted by Jake No comments Labels:
Inflation cuts value of money by 67% in 30 years - and prices on everyday goods like bread, eggs and beer rise far faster
The purchasing power of money has eroded at an average rate of 3.7% a year over the last three decades, thanks to inflation. Provided British pay packets keep pace, people have enough in their pockets to maintain their standard of living. But research  reveals that everyday goods like bread, eggs and beer rise far faster than inflation. Also, inflation now is well above annual wages increases: 1.3% (excluding bonuses) last month - a decrease from 1.4% a month ago. DAILY MAIL

British Gas price hikes help boost annual profit 11% to more than £600m
The profit rise comes as British Gas chief Phil Bentley leaves with a £10m combined share, salary and pension package. British Gas’s parent, Centrica, reported operating profits of £2.7bn – up 14%. British Gas raised its gas and electricity prices this winter by 6%. Much of the profits are thanks to a particularly cold winter. GUARDIAN
(...and the rest of the profits are thanks to a particularly cowardly history of our governments bending over to the UK's profiteering energy cartel.)

Tesco to pay £6.5m fine for fixing milk and cheese prices
Tesco, Asda and Sainsburys were operating a cartel to keep dairy prices high. The Office of Fair Trading estimated that the collusion led to shoppers paying 2p more for a litre of milk and 2p more for 100g of cheese. Although Tesco has always denied collusion, it finally lost a decade-long court battle. Supermarkets and dairy processors have paid £39m collectively in fines for this price fix. TELEGRAPH
(I’m just grateful they haven’t been selling us horse milk…)

Leading printer companies are shrinking the ink in their cartridges
Newer cartridges contain a fraction of the ink a similar product contained a decade ago. For example, the Epson T032 colour cartridge (released in 2002) is the same dimensions as the Epson colour T089 (released in 2008). But the T032 contains 16ml of ink and the T089 contains just 3.5ml of ink. It's a similar story with Hewlett Packard (HP) cartridges. Cut open a HP inkjet cartridge and you'll find what is going on. The size of the sponges inside, which hold the ink, have progressively reduced over the years. The rest of the cartridge is now simply empty space. In Epson cartridges the ink tank has been systematically reduced in size. GUARDIAN
(“We are well aware of the problem. We keep getting these angry letters that fade out two-thirds the way down the page,” said the Director of Customer Care at Epson…)

MPs face anger over the 80,000 women denied the new pension: Forced to wait longer to retire and missing out on £144 payout for rest of life
Women born between April 6 and July 5, 1953, will lose out. The women are caught between two policy changes: the raising of the state pension age, and the introduction of the new single-tier State pension. DAILY MAIL

41% of house owners 'forced to sell at a loss' since 2007
The UK housing market has stalled in the global financial crisis. The Land Registry figures show 41% of houses bought after 2007 were sold at an average loss of 11%. Over the same period, 56% of homes were sold with an average profit of £45,199. In London almost three-quarters of houses sold made a profit despite the tough economy, compared with less than half in Yorkshire and the Humber, the North and the East Midlands. TELEGRAPH

Theatres and agents told to stop hiding fees on tickets
The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) ruled against four theatre ticket providers - three agents and the Old Vic theatre - for quoting misleading ticket prices on their websites. It found that compulsory fees were not being included up-front, and sprung upon the buyer only later in the online buying process. It said in statement: "In future we expect these to be advertised from the start." TELEGRAPH

Tuesday, 26 February 2013

Tuesday, February 26, 2013 Posted by Jake No comments Labels: , , , , , , ,
Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg needs all the good news he can get. But maybe not from Cameron...


SOURCE DAILY MAIL One in three businesses is losing money as 'Zombie Britain' faces long and winding road to recovery, the Bank of England warned. Experts dubbed these firms 'zombie businesses' which have survived only because interest rates are at an historic low and the banks are reluctant to pull the plug on them.

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Saturday, 23 February 2013

Saturday, February 23, 2013 Posted by Jake No comments Labels: , , ,
The Department of Education under Michael Gove has sometimes seemed like the proverbial group of monkeys randomly typing in the hope of producing the works of Shakespeare. A maths teacher would tell you that given enough time and enough monkeys and enough typing random statistical chance means every now and then a fragment of the Bard’s works would be produced. 

Sadly the random musings of the Department are being inflicted unedited on the country in the form of education policy.


But, credit where credit is due, every now and then something coherent turns up. One such thing was the notion to make Financial Education a compulsory subject in schools. Sadly, once that sentence was typed the Department of Education returned to its incoherent output of simian drivel. Their ‘big idea’ is to include Financial Education as part of the Citizenship curriculum, with Maths  taking responsibility for teaching percentages (as it already does, so no real change there). It is true, as the Department asserts, that Citizenship is a compulsory subject like Maths and English – but that’s where the coherence ends. 

Being ‘compulsory’ means students must take the course. Whether they take the course seriously is reflected by the number who actually go on to the GCSE examination. 

Maths and English are compulsory, and each had over 650,000 GCSEs awarded in 2012

On the other hand, Citizenship (10,982 GCSEs awarded) sits between the non-compulsory study of the ancient Greeks and Romans (Classical Studies, 15,265 GCSEs) and Welsh as a second language (9,743 GCSEs).



According to the Department of Education
"Citizenship focuses on the political and social dimensions of living together in the UK and recognises the influence of the historical context. Citizenship also helps pupils make sense of the world today and equips them for the challenges and changes facing communities in the future.
The study of citizenship should include:
a. political, legal and human rights, and responsibilities of citizens
b. the roles of the law and the justice system and how they relate to young people
c. key features of parliamentary democracy and government in the constituent parts of the UK and at local level, including voting and elections
d. freedom of speech and diversity of views, and the role of the media in informing and influencing public opinion and holding those in power to account
e. actions that individuals, groups and organisations can take to influence decisions affecting communities and the environment
f. strategies for handling local and national disagreements and conflicts
g. the needs of the local community and how these are met through public services and the voluntary sector
h. how economic decisions are made, including where public money comes from and who decides how it is spent
i. the changing nature of UK society, including the diversity of ideas, beliefs, cultures, identities, traditions, perspectives and values that are shared
j. migration to, from and within the UK and the reasons for this
k. the UK’s relations with the European Union and the rest of Europe, the Commonwealth, the United Nations and the world as a global community."
All this is fitted into on average 45 minutes a week. Is squeezing Financial Capability on top of this anything more than a fig-leaf? This is like educating children about lions using cuddly toys and then letting them loose in a lions den. The only ones benefiting from this will be the lions.
The Financial Services industry manifests its interest in schools through various 'education' channels. RBS and Barclays in particular are active in producing materials aimed at schools. The most single minded is perhaps PFEG, that describes itself on its website:

"pfeg (Personal Finance Education Group) is the UK’s leading organisation helping schools to plan and teach children and young people how to manage their money now and in the future. A registered charity, it values its independence and integrity."

PFEG's 10 trustees comprise of 3 directors of the Association of British Insurers; 1 director of the Association of Investment Companies; 1 director of the Investment Management Association; 1 current CEO of an investment company; 1 former CEO of an investment company; 1 former senior civil servant at the Treasury. Oh, and also 2 teachers. While we don't cast doubt on their motives, which are doubtless sterling, we wonder about their instincts: selling more financial products and services. With the announcement that the Department of Education was consulting on putting compulsory Financial Education in schools into the Citizenship curriculum, PFEG breathlessly announced it had achieved a "huge victory for [its] financial education campaign":

"With financial mathematics included as a part of maths and financial capability included in citizenship education for the first time, the campaign has achieved both of its objectives. "

Do they envision hundreds of thousands of Trojan ponies scampering from schools and welcomed through the front doors of homes around Britain? Asking for help doing homework extolling the virtues of insurance (like Payment Protection Insurance (PPI)); saving for a pension (where high charges is one of the biggest financial rip-offs, with an English pensioner getting a fraction of a Dutchman saving the same amount); taking a business loan (ask the casualties of the Interest Rate Swaps scam).

The "National Curriculum in England" consultation document envisions that Citizenship would include financial education as follows:

Key Stage 3 (age 11 to 14)
  • the functions and uses of money, the importance of personal budgeting, money management and a range of financial products and services.
Key Stage 4 (age 14 to 16)
  • wages, taxes, credit, debt, financial risk and a range of more sophisticated financial products and services.
Half baked compulsory education in a "range of financial products and services" will cause more harm than good. The Chairman of PFEG, Otto Thoresen (also Chairman of the Association of British Insurers) should know this better than most. In 2008 HM Treasury, the UK finance ministry, commissioned a report by the same Otto Thoresen, who was at the time CEO of the insurer Aegon UK. This report, on how best to deliver generic financial advice to the nation, stated:
  
The Review’s research also indicates that an effective Money Guidance service can drive behaviour change. Eight out of ten users of the prototype [money guidance] services surveyed went on to take at least one action within a week or so of using the service. Of these, over half took specific action such as buying a new product or speaking to a regulated adviser

Is the prospect not mouthwatering and terrifying (depending on which side of the till you are standing)? The prospect of over half of parents, having helped little Jonny and Janey with their homework, going on to buy a new product or speak with a “regulated advisor” (i.e.“salesman”)?

Citizenship homework as a Trojan Horse to get parents and grandparents to think about financial products? In a nation where, according to a survey by the Department for Business Innovation & Skills, a quarter of adults have the numeracy of a 9 year old or below. Is that why PFEG regards getting Financial Capability into the Citizenship curriculum as an objective achieved?

The correct place for Financial Education is in the Maths GCSE. Just two things need to be taught:
a) teach children how to calculate basic percentages, though even the better students struggle to comprehend compound interest. As Albert Einstein himself commented:


“Compound interest is the eighth wonder of the world. He who understands it, earns it ... he who doesn't ... pays it.”

b) teach children how the scams of recent decades worked. This won't help them understand the next scam, but it will teach them to be very wary of salesmen - whether they are selling loans or mobile phones, or asking for their votes. If you only have time to teach one thing about sharks, teach that they bite.

Ultimately, financial education in schools will not teach most children how to spot rip-offs. Rip-offs are not driven by the ignorance of victims, they are driven by the incentives of the perpetrators. No matter how well educated the victims are, the scamsters will always find a way to trick them. Just as they tricked all the highly educated and financially aware policy makers and regulators and credit raters and bank board directors and finance ministers whose only defence after the Banking Crisis struck was to claim not to have understood what was happening. 

The way to prevent ordinary Britons being ripped off by financial and other institutions is no different to the way to prevent ordinary Britons being killed by reckless drivers on the roads. It is 5% about teaching Britons to watch out for drunks, and 95% about strong regulations to discourage and punish drunk driving. 

Rip-offs are driven by:
  1. excessive rewards (pay and bonuses)
  2. inadequate punishment (perpetrators inevitably get away “without admitting nor denying wrongdoing” with fines and legal bills paid by shareholders) encouraging scamsters to try their luck. 
Of the two, excessive pay is the key culprit. Pirates throughout the ages have overlooked the downside of punishment in the expectation of all the cool stuff that can be bought with stolen treasure. Hardly any disgraced board director of a bank have suffered anything more than a well funded retirement.

Putting Financial Education in schools into the Citizenship curriculum is a cop-out on the scale of putting "smoking kills" on cigarette packets. It allows the government to wash its hands of responsibility and hand Britons over to the financial industry. As successive governments for decades handed Britons over to the tobacco industry. 


"So, I am jumping for joy at the news of financial education joining the national curriculum as a part of citizenship for the first time – providing, of course, the detail lives up to the announcement.

"What's most important is the Government has done this in citizenship, which is a compulsory subject.

"This, therefore, is the first step to ensuring that every child has at least some basic financial education to help them navigate our complex consumer economy. A genuine game-changer."

As a cheeky-chappie it is Lewis' job to be optimistic. And he, in contrast to PFEG, recognises this is the "first step", and depends on whether "the detail lives up to the announcement".

Few people would accuse us at Ripped-Off Britons of being optimists. Actually we really are optimists, otherwise we would have given up ages ago. So, on an optimistic note, perhaps there actually is a place in the Citizenship curriculum for Financial Education. It would be as a compulsory course for people of influence who are in a position to rip us off: bankers; insurers; energy companies; train companies; etc.  

Make it compulsory for them to take a Citizenship GCSE in why they have a responsibility as Citizens not to rip us off.


Friday, 22 February 2013

Friday, February 22, 2013 Posted by Jake No comments Labels: , , , ,
...as KJ, Fee and Chris discover...



SOURCE REUTERS: Germany's Chancellor Merkel calls for G8 fight against tax havens
The OECD said multinational companies were increasingly dodging taxes by reporting profits in countries other than where their main revenues were generated. “We're going to fight to finally put an end to tax havens at this year’s G8 meeting hosted by Great Britain," she said.

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Thursday, 21 February 2013

Thursday, February 21, 2013 Posted by Jake No comments Labels:
Tax avoiders should be named and shamed
The Commons public accounts committee said tax avoiders - those not breaking the law but abusing legal loopholes - should be "named and shamed" to discourage others. HMRC lost £5bn a year from legal tax dodging. Tax avoidance firms were "running rings" around HMRC. Labour leader Ed Miliband says companies in the UK should publish the amount of tax they pay in the country. BBC NEWS
(“Ummm... How about naming and shaming tax avoidance firms? You can start with ours,” said the director of marketing at every tax avoidance firm, eager for some delicious free advertising...)

Energy watchdog OFGEM warns of higher energy bills as the UK becomes more reliant on energy imports
Older power stations are closing before renewable energy has grown to replace them. Longer-term solutions to the UK's energy needs, such as new nuclear power stations or domestic shale gas reserves, have yet to be given the final go-ahead by the government. "We cannot afford to be complacent," said the Department of Energy and Climate Change. BBC NEWS
(“Oh yes we can,” said the UK’s cartel of over-charging energy firms that sneakily pass their profits to their parent companies.)

Treasury urges tougher action on banks that mis-sold “rate-swap” loans to small businesses
Banks have set aside money to compensate small businesses that were mis-sold complex interest-rate hedging products. But because the compensation procedures have not been finalised, thousands of small businesses are still having to make the crippling monthly payments. The Treasury says they should have their payments suspended. Together, the largest banks have put aside just over £1.1bn for compensation. But some experts believe this figure is too low, and the bill could eventually exceed the more than £12bn compensation costs for the mis-selling of Payment Protection Insurance to consumers. TELEGRAPH
(“Small businesses, consumers, energy firms, other banks, whole nations… is there anyone these banks haven’t yet screwed?” said one nervous inhabitant of the planet Venus…)

Are six water firms - Northumbrian, Yorkshire, Anglian, Thames, South Staffordshire and Sutton and East Surrey Water - dodging tax?
Corporate Watch says the water firms are artificially passing their profits to their owners. They are reducing their profits by taking high interest loans from their owners through the Channel Islands stock exchange. The interest payments reduce their taxable profits in the UK and, thanks to a regulatory loophole, go to the owners tax-free. Water bills are rising by 3.5pc to an average of £388-a-year per household. CORPORATE WATCH
(Water flowing upstream defies all laws of physics. Profits flowing upstream defies no laws at all, thank you very much UK government…)

Poorest 40% suffering disproportionately from the financial squeeze
Those with incomes of £15k-£23k are reporting worse financial straits than at any time in the last four years. Those below £15k recorded the sharpest deterioration. Households in higher income brackets saw the deterioration in their finances slow down. People working in retail, construction, education, health and social services are the most downbeat about their finances, while those working in IT and finance were the least pessimistic. DAILY MAIL
(“We, however, are fully employed and busier than ever,” said every spin doctor we spoke to...) 

£17m bonus bonanza for top Barclays bosses despite string of scandals
Five top bosses at Barclays will share a jackpot worth up to £17m despite being tainted by a string of scandals. Those in line for the ‘wildly misjudged’ bonanza include chief executive Antony Jenkins and Rich Ricci, the controversial investment bank boss. They could pocket up to £2.2m and £6m respectively from deferred shares bonuses awarded in 2010. DAILY MAIL

Tuesday, 19 February 2013

Tuesday, February 19, 2013 Posted by Jake No comments Labels: , , ,
Is the UK prime minister David Cameron listening?..



SOURCE REUTERS: Germany's Merkel calls for G8 fight against tax havens
The OECD said multinational companies were increasingly dodging taxes by reporting profits in countries other than where their main revenues were generated. “We're going to fight to finally put an end to tax havens at this year’s G8 meeting hosted by Great Britain," says German Chancellor Angela Merkel.


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Sunday, 17 February 2013

Sunday, February 17, 2013 Posted by Jake 2 comments Labels: , ,
Tax avoidanceThe spectacle of David Cameron and George Osborne calling for an international crackdown on tax avoidance brings to mind an old school teacher of mine. A few decades ago my former French teacher, who had earlier served in the British Army during WWII, enlivened the class with tales of the crafty methods used by the Germans. One was a method to test whether a prisoner was a true Frenchman or a British spy wearing a beret. The German would stamp on the suspect's foot to see whether he said "Ow!" (British) or "Ai!" (French). 

The cry of pain is an instinctive reaction and difficult to feign, with the "Ow!" heralding a quick march for the presumed spy to a firing squad.



When David Cameron had his foot stamped on during Prime Minister's Questions of February 13th 2013, we got an insight into his instinctive reaction:

Q12. [142834] Stephen Pound (Ealing North) (Lab): Further to the Prime Minister’s rather acerbic exchange with the Leader of the Opposition earlier, will he tell the House whether he will personally benefit from the millionaires’ tax cut to be introduced this April?
The Prime Minister: I will pay all the taxes that are due in the proper way. 

There is a spooky similarity between Cameron's statement and that of Mr.Troy Alstead of Starbucks, when Alstead was being grilled by a parliamentary select committee on Starbucks' tax dodging shenanigans


"we strive to follow the letter of the law and have done so in the case of our tax obligations. All taxes owed to the UK have been timely and fully paid"

And also with that from Mr. Matt Brittin of Google, also on the tax dodgers' naughty step in the same select committee:

"We pay all the tax you require us to pay in the UK."

Messrs Alstead (Starbucks), Brittin (Google) and also Cecil (Amazon) were being grilled by the UK Parliament's Public Accounts Committee (PAC) looking into the near absence of corporation tax paid by their companies
http://www.parliamentlive.tv/main/Player.aspx?meetingId=11764


“Because some people say to me, ‘Well, it’s all within the law; you’re obeying the law, it’s okay'. Well, actually there are lots of things that are within the law [that] we don’t do because actually we have some moral scruples about them and I think we need this debate about tax too."

That statement was made not by a frustrated member of the Public Accounts Committee. It was made by  David Cameron. The same Cameron who answered, in Prime Minister's Questions, "I will pay all the taxes that are due in the proper way".

What a frustrated member of the Public Accounts Committee did say about Mr.Cecil of Amazon, one of the witnesses:


All rather like Cameron's evasive response to the perfectly legitimate question of "whether he will personally benefit from the millionaires’ tax cut to be introduced this April".


Google, one of the companies being grilled by the Public Accounts Committee, claimed in its evidence that

 "The 17,000 engineers in California who build and continue to invest in developing the technology create the economic value for Google."


Presumably the sweat of those 17,000 Californians mean the US Treasury would get a bonanza in taxes from Google? However, according to a report by Bloomberg

"Google Inc. cut its taxes [payable in the USA] by $3.1 billion in the last three years using a technique that moves most of its foreign profits through Ireland and the Netherlands to Bermuda. Google’s income shifting helped reduce its overseas tax rate to 2.4 percent, the lowest of the top five U.S. technology companies by market capitalization."

This whole "through Ireland and the Netherlands to Bermuda" escapade is known in tax and boardroom circles as the "Double Irish Dutch Sandwich". Best explained by a tax specialist:



Could it have escaped Cameron's notice that Bermuda is a British Overseas Territory operating under the jurisdiction of the UK? And the fact that providing tax dodging services is one of the UK's most successful industries.

http://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21571549-offshore-financial-centres-have-taken-battering-recently-they-have-shown-remarkable
Cameron may condemn tax avoidance to please the crowds. But when his foot gets stamped on by his tax-dodging friends his baser instincts will come to the fore.

Friday, 15 February 2013

Friday, February 15, 2013 Posted by Jake 2 comments Labels: , , , ,
Chris shows his wife how much he cares...


SOURCE DAILY MAIL Real earnings are back to 2003 levels and millions may ‘never see their finances recover from the economic downturn'
Real earnings peaked in 2009 (average wage £12.25/hour), but since then pay increases have been outstripped by inflation, knocking the average back down to where it was in 2003 (£11.21/hour), the Office for National Statistics said.

BBC NEWS Pope Benedict resigns

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Thursday, 14 February 2013

Thursday, February 14, 2013 Posted by Jake No comments Labels:
Horse meat scandal: cuts have weakened food standards enforcement system
Public analyst for West Yorkshire Joint Services, Dr Duncan Campbell says the fragmentation of the Food Standards Agency (FSA) responsibilities and cuts in local authority budgets have led to weakening of the food standards enforcement system. The latest news revealed that Findus beef lasagne is 100% horsemeat. TELEGRAPH
(...and the government's justification for cuts to food monitoring is 100% horse sh*t...)

Barclays closes down “industrial scale” tax dodging service
The new boss of Barclays has attempted to break from the bank's scandal-ridden recent past by announcing plans to pull out of controversial businesses that speculate on food prices, specialise in "industrial scale" tax avoidance schemes and use the bank's money to bet on markets. GUARDIAN
(“An end to betting up the price of your food will be particularly painful as we’ve just put a big bet on that horsemeat,” said our thoroughly reformed Barclays insider.)

Real earnings are back to 2003 levels and millions may ‘never see their finances recover from the economic downturn'
Real earnings peaked in 2009 (average wage £12.25/hour), but since then pay increases have been outstripped by inflation, knocking the average back down to where it was in 2003 (£11.21/hour), the Office for National Statistics said. The economy is stagnant, but CBI boss John Cridland tried to be upbeat, saying: 'We are beginning to see the return of organic growth.” DAILY MAIL
(I think that’s just mould, John...)

Judges rule that most “back-to-work” schemes are unlawful
Cait Reilly, 24, has won her Court of Appeal claim that requiring her to work at Poundland for free to keep her unemployment benefits was unlawful. If you are 18-24, nine months after you start to claim jobless benefits you must attend the Work Programme. If you are above 25 years old, it is 12 months. Ministers expect half a million jobseekers to join the Work Programme each year. But the judgment meant nobody could be forced to participate under threat of losing benefits. Critics described the policy as a return to slavery. TELEGRAPH
(“Can I stop turning now?” said William Wilberforce, speaking from his grave.)

Germany's Merkel calls for G8 fight against tax havens 
The OECD said multinational companies were increasingly dodging taxes by reporting profits in countries other than where their main revenues were generated. “We're going to fight to finally put an end to tax havens at this year’s G8 meeting hosted by Great Britain," she said. REUTERS
(Sorry, that translation should read: “We're going to fight to finally put an end to tax havens hosted by Great Britain at this year’s G8 meeting, hosted by Great Britain.”)

RBS CEO underpaid, says chairman
RBS CEO Stephen Hester gets £1.1m salary and up to £6m a year from bonuses. The RBS chairman defended the sums, saying Hester was paid "well below the market rate of people working in banking" because some of his bonuses had been withheld. MPs grilled the executives after RBS was fined £390m last week for rigging Libor, the interbank lending rate. Some MPs doubted the promise that the fine would be recovered from bonuses. GUARDIAN

Secret watchdog probe finds banks are STILL not giving fair advice - and Santander faces possible fine over failings
Investigators masquerading as ordinary customers were sent to uncover what advice they would be given by staff at major banks and building societies. The FSA said in some instances advisers gathered all the right information but still recommended an unsuitable product. One adviser told the customer "you don’t pay me a penny [and] you don’t pay the bank a penny for this advice," but this was a lie. Santander replied that they were committed to looking after their customers’ well-being. DAILY MAIL

Women 'will get rotten pensions for years to come', says minister
Steve Webb, the Liberal Democrat pensions minister, says Government reforms to even out payments for men and women will take a long time to work through the system. "The state pension system was based around the idea of the 1940s that men needed pensions and women needed husbands," he said. "Even incredibly, one or two generations on, there are still traces of that coming through the pensions system so women who've brought up kids or whatever don't get as good a pension.” TELEGRAPH

A&E waits 'highest for a decade'
The number of people in England facing long A&E waits has risen by a fifth in a year - and is now at its highest level for a decade. The King's Fund, a leading healthcare think tank, found from October to December 2012 more than 232,000 patients waited more than four hours. BBC NEWS

Tuesday, 12 February 2013

Tuesday, February 12, 2013 Posted by Jake 1 comment Labels: , , ,
It takes a prime minister to turn this one around...



SOURCE: TELEGRAPH Horse meat scandal: cuts have weakened food standards enforcement system


OUR RELATED STORIES

Sunday, 10 February 2013

Are right-leaning policies the price a nation must pay for maximising growth? The nanny state may be all nice and cuddly, but surely it’s not so good at growing wealth. Even the New Labour government behaved as though this was a given. 

But the answer is no. Over the long term, left-leaning nations have performed as well as right-leaning ones, if you are simply measuring economic growth.



Left/right policies are not about how to grow the cake, but how it is divided. The exception is the US, where growth as measured by GDP does pull ahead of other large developed nations. But it’s not the whole story (see final paragraph).


...But first, let’s look at how the UK cake has been divided

Before we go over those growth stats, let’s take a quick look at growing inequality in the UK.

The “Gini coefficient” is an internationally used measure of inequality, where zero corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income, and everyone else has zero income).

Source: Institute of Fiscal Studies http://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/4637

Gini doesn’t break down the details of precisely who is getting what. So what this graph doesn’t reveal is that since the mid-1990s (the flatter part of the graph) the very richest - the top 1% - have seen their incomes (before taxes and benefits have been taken into account) double, whilst the income of the bottom 90% has remained virtually unchanged. Yes, that all happened under New Labour.

Source organisation: Paris School of Economics http://topincomes.g-mond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/#Database:

Finally, let’s look at the last few years under the Tory/LibDems. Surely the worst recession since the 1930s has put a brake on the runaway pay of our captains of industry. Dream on. The Manifest/MM&K Executive Director Total Remuneration Survey for 2012 showed bosses of FTSE 100 companies enjoyed an average 12% rise in their take home pay last year, while their employees barely received any pay increases at all. Even when growth is zero the richest are getting more cake.

The big question: do right-leaning policies outperform left-leaning ones?

Different nations comparable to the UK, both left and right, have grown at roughly the same rate over the last 50 years. I’ve included little Sweden because it is taken as a role model for a strong welfare state.

GDP per capita, constant 2000 US$ (Source organisation: World Bank). Data downloaded from Gapminder

The US – a model for right-leaning policies – is pulling away from the rest when measuring GDP/capita in constant US$ (although it is followed by nanny state Sweden). But when you measure it in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP: where the cost of living is factored in, i.e. it adjusts for the fact that $1,000 buys less in one country than it does in another), then all the Europeans – both left and right – are doing the same. The US is gently pulling ahead – we’ll look at that at the end.

Gross Domestic Product per capita by Purchasing Power Parities (in international dollars, fixed 2005 prices). The inflation and differences in the cost of living between countries has been taken into account. Source organisation: World Bank. Data downloaded from Gapminder

Is left-leaning growth boosted by debt: borrowing from the future to keep up with the rest?

Here’s a graph for those of you who think those centre and leftist governments have been pumping up their GDP figures by borrowing from future generations. Left-leaning nations may take on more government debt than right-leaning ones, but to get the true measure of a nation’s debt you have to include all private debt, not just government debt. Do that, and the US, France, Germany and Italy are all clumped together.

Total domestic private and public sector debt as % of GDP. Source: page 18 of “Debt and Deleveraging”, McKinsey Global Institute report 

Private debt includes debt owed by households, businesses and banks, and it makes up the majority of total national debt for these nations.

And who has been the most naughty in over-borrowing to fuel growth? It’s fat cat Britain, under both left and right governments, where most of it has been private debt: as of today, UK private debt is four times government debt. In other words, of total UK debt, the breakdown is: government debt=19%; household=19%; non-financial corporations=22%; financial corporations=40%.

Too many politicians and commentators quote only government debt, without mentioning the much greater private debt that all countries have. But both matter: if your banks, partner businesses and millions of your customers are in deep debt then you will have to deal with it just as you’ll have to deal with government debt.

You’ll have noticed that all countries have been borrowing more and more over the last few decades. Funny, eh? During the late 20thcentury face-off between state control and liberal capitalism, the winner by a knockout was liberal capitalism. What happened next? Alone and unchallenged in the middle of the ring, liberal capitalism somehow managed to knock itself out.

The right cannot pour scorn on the left for taking on perilous amounts of government debt when its own solution is to do the same with private debt.

If debt has been used to fuel growth, it’s been used by both right and left.

The American dream

How come the US is richer, and getting slowly richer still? Do they prove that unbridled capitalism  - the sort no European dare try – really works?

As everyone knows, the Americans typically get only two weeks holiday a year. That alone can account for between 10% (the UK) and 20% (Germany) of the difference. Note how a graph of the working hours per week across our sample countries shows how since the 1980s France, Germany and the UK are spending less time in the workplace than the US. So one reason the US is pulling away is because they are working longer hours – hardly a miracle of the free market!

Working hours per week. Total amount of yearly working hours divided by 52 weeks. Source organization: International Labour Organization. Via Gapminder

If we want to get closer to American GDP/capita or PPP/capita, one way is for our great leaders to apply their brilliant minds to the problem and... force everyone to stay at work for longer.

Where the US scores is in its ability to create jobs: usually, there are fewer unemployed Americans. Unlike Europe, the US likes to let private companies do business wherever they can find it. This comes at the cost of fewer safety nets. Maybe that’s a worthwhile trade-off. Maybe not. But it's always worth noting that, on healthcare, the US spends $8,362/head compared to the UK’s $3,480/head for similar aggregate results. In this case the wrong kind of privatisation delivers more jobs and more money, but at a higher cost and without delivering better healthcare. Does this apply to all the extra business and money the Americans have? Perhaps the greatest President America never had, Bobby Kennedy, can tell us:

“Our gross national product...if we should judge the United States of America by that - counts air pollution and cigarette advertising, and ambulances to clear our highways of carnage. It counts special locks for our doors and the jails for those who break them. It counts the destruction of our redwoods and the loss of our natural wonder in chaotic sprawl. It counts napalm and the cost of a nuclear warhead, and armored cars for police who fight riots in our streets. It counts Whitman's rifle and Speck's knife, and the television programs which glorify violence in order to sell toys to our children.

Yet the gross national product does not allow for the health of our children, the quality of their education, or the joy of their play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages; the intelligence of our public debate or the integrity of our public officials. It measures neither our wit nor our courage; neither our wisdom nor our learning; neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country; it measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile. And it tells us everything about America except why we are proud that we are Americans.”
― Robert F. Kennedy, US senator. March 18th 1967

So next time you hear a new policy that shifts the burden of cost from one group to another, claiming it’ll improve the prospects of the UK as a whole, then beware. Over the long term, left- and right-leaning nations perform much the same. The difference is in the distribution of those costs and the distribution of the wealth it creates. In other words, it’s about how the cake is divided. 
Are right-leaning policies the price a nation must pay for maximising growth? The nanny state may be all nice and cuddly, but surely it’s not so good at growing wealth. Even the New Labour government behaved as though this was a given. 

But the answer is no. Over the long term, left-leaning nations have performed as well as right-leaning ones, if you are simply measuring economic growth.



Left/right policies are not about how to grow the cake, but how it is divided. The exception is the US, where growth as measured by GDP does pull ahead of other large developed nations. But it’s not the whole story (see final paragraph).


...But first, let’s look at how the UK cake has been divided

Before we go over those growth stats, let’s take a quick look at growing inequality in the UK.

The “Gini coefficient” is an internationally used measure of inequality, where zero corresponds with perfect equality (where everyone has the same income) and 1 corresponds with perfect inequality (where one person has all the income, and everyone else has zero income).

Source: Institute of Fiscal Studies http://www.ifs.org.uk/publications/4637

Gini doesn’t break down the details of precisely who is getting what. So what this graph doesn’t reveal is that since the mid-1990s (the flatter part of the graph) the very richest - the top 1% - have seen their incomes (before taxes and benefits have been taken into account) double, whilst the income of the bottom 90% has remained virtually unchanged. Yes, that all happened under New Labour.

Source organisation: Paris School of Economics http://g-mond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/topincomes/

Finally, let’s look at the last few years under the Tory/LibDems. Surely the worst recession since the 1930s has put a brake on the runaway pay of our captains of industry. Dream on. The Manifest/MM&K Executive Director Total Remuneration Survey for 2012 showed bosses of FTSE 100 companies enjoyed an average 12% rise in their take home pay last year, while their employees barely received any pay increases at all. Even when growth is zero the richest are getting more cake.

The big question: do right-leaning policies outperform left-leaning ones?

Different nations comparable to the UK, both left and right, have grown at roughly the same rate over the last 50 years. I’ve included little Sweden because it is taken as a role model for a strong welfare state.

GDP per capita, constant 2000 US$ (Source organisation: World Bank). Data downloaded from Gapminder

The US – a model for right-leaning policies – is pulling away from the rest when measuring GDP/capita in constant US$ (although it is followed by nanny state Sweden). But when you measure it in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP: where the cost of living is factored in, i.e. it adjusts for the fact that $1,000 buys less in one country than it does in another), then all the Europeans – both left and right – are doing the same. The US is gently pulling ahead – we’ll look at that at the end.

Gross Domestic Product per capita by Purchasing Power Parities (in international dollars, fixed 2005 prices). The inflation and differences in the cost of living between countries has been taken into account. Source organisation: World Bank. Data downloaded from Gapminder

Is left-leaning growth boosted by debt: borrowing from the future to keep up with the rest?

Here’s a graph for those of you who think those centre and leftist governments have been pumping up their GDP figures by borrowing from future generations. Left-leaning nations may take on more government debt than right-leaning ones, but to get the true measure of a nation’s debt you have to include all private debt, not just government debt. Do that, and the US, France, Germany and Italy are all clumped together.

Total domestic private and public sector debt as % of GDP. Source: page 18 of “Debt and Deleveraging”, McKinsey Global Institute report 

Private debt includes debt owed by households, businesses and banks, and it makes up the majority of total national debt for these nations.

And who has been the most naughty in over-borrowing to fuel growth? It’s fat cat Britain, under both left and right governments, where most of it has been private debt: as of today, UK private debt is four times government debt. In other words, of total UK debt, the breakdown is: government debt=19%; household=19%; non-financial corporations=22%; financial corporations=40%.

Too many politicians and commentators quote only government debt, without mentioning the much greater private debt that all countries have. But both matter: if your banks, partner businesses and millions of your customers are in deep debt then you will have to deal with it just as you’ll have to deal with government debt.

You’ll have noticed that all countries have been borrowing more and more over the last few decades. Funny, eh? During the late 20thcentury face-off between state control and liberal capitalism, the winner by a knockout was liberal capitalism. What happened next? Alone and unchallenged in the middle of the ring, liberal capitalism somehow managed to knock itself out.

The right cannot pour scorn on the left for taking on perilous amounts of government debt when its own solution is to do the same with private debt.

If debt has been used to fuel growth, it’s been used by both right and left.

The American dream

How come the US is richer, and getting slowly richer still? Do they prove that unbridled capitalism  - the sort no European dare try – really works?

As everyone knows, the Americans typically get only two weeks holiday a year. That alone can account for between 10% (the UK) and 20% (Germany) of the difference. Note how a graph of the working hours per week across our sample countries shows how since the 1980s France, Germany and the UK are spending less time in the workplace than the US. So one reason the US is pulling away is because they are working longer hours – hardly a miracle of the free market!

Working hours per week. Total amount of yearly working hours divided by 52 weeks. Source organization: International Labour Organization. Via Gapminder

If we want to get closer to American GDP/capita or PPP/capita, one way is for our great leaders to apply their brilliant minds to the problem and... force everyone to stay at work for longer.

Where the US scores is in its ability to create jobs: usually, there are fewer unemployed Americans. Unlike Europe, the US likes to let private companies do business wherever they can find it. This comes at the cost of fewer safety nets. Maybe that’s a worthwhile trade-off. Maybe not. But it's always worth noting that, on healthcare, the US spends $8,362/head compared to the UK’s $3,480/head for similar aggregate results. In this case the wrong kind of privatisation delivers more jobs and more money, but at a higher cost and without delivering better healthcare. Does this apply to all the extra business and money the Americans have? Perhaps the greatest President America never had, Bobby Kennedy, can tell us:

“Our gross national product...if we should judge the United States of America by that - counts air pollution and cigarette advertising, and ambulances to clear our highways of carnage. It counts special locks for our doors and the jails for those who break them. It counts the destruction of our redwoods and the loss of our natural wonder in chaotic sprawl. It counts napalm and the cost of a nuclear warhead, and armored cars for police who fight riots in our streets. It counts Whitman's rifle and Speck's knife, and the television programs which glorify violence in order to sell toys to our children.

Yet the gross national product does not allow for the health of our children, the quality of their education, or the joy of their play. It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages; the intelligence of our public debate or the integrity of our public officials. It measures neither our wit nor our courage; neither our wisdom nor our learning; neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country; it measures everything, in short, except that which makes life worthwhile. And it tells us everything about America except why we are proud that we are Americans.”
― Robert F. Kennedy, US senator. March 18th 1967

So next time you hear a new policy that shifts the burden of cost from one group to another, claiming it’ll improve the prospects of the UK as a whole, then beware. Over the long term, left- and right-leaning nations perform much the same. The difference is in the distribution of those costs and the distribution of the wealth it creates. In other words, it’s about how the cake is divided. 

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